Batting Average. Formula: H / AB

On-Base %. Formula: (H+BB+HBP) / (AB+BB+HBP+SF)

Slugging %. Formula: Total Bases / AB

On-Base + Slugging. Formula: OBP + SLG

Weighted On-Base Avg. Weights each outcome by run value (BB×.69, 1B×.88, 2B×1.24, 3B×1.56, HR×2.00). Why it matters: OBP treats a walk and a homer the same. wOBA doesn't. It's the single best snapshot of total offensive contribution per plate appearance.

Weighted Runs Created+. League-adjusted wRC, 100 = average, >100 above average. Regressed toward 100 for <150 PA. Why it matters: wRC+ of 150 means a hitter created 50% more runs than the average CCAA bat. It cuts through park and league noise, giving the cleanest one-number rating of offensive value.

Offensive WAR. Wins above replacement from batting. Based on CCAA run environment (13.6 runs/win). Regressed for <200 PA. Why it matters: Estimates how many wins a hitter actually added vs. a freely-available bench player. The closest thing to a single "total value" number for ranking hitters across roles.

Projected oWAR over a 40-game season. Scales current oWAR by (40 / GP). Min 5 GP required. Why it matters: Levels the playing field between players with different game counts. A hitter producing 1.0 oWAR in 12 games is on a much better pace than one with 1.5 oWAR in 28 games.

Walk-to-Strikeout Ratio. Formula: BB / K. Plate discipline metric; higher = better. Why it matters: Plate discipline in one number. Hitters with elite BB/K ratios tend to outperform their batting averages because they reach base in ways AVG ignores.

Batting Avg on Balls in Play. Formula: (H - HR) / (AB - K - HR + SF). Strips out strikeouts and homers. Why it matters: Reveals luck vs. skill. A hitter with .380 BABIP is likely getting fortunate bounces; one at .220 is being unlucky. Most hitters regress toward .300 over time, so BABIP outliers often predict who's about to cool off, or break out.

Earned Run Average. Formula: (ER × 9) / IP. CCAA league avg: 4.83.

Walks + Hits per Inning Pitched. Formula: (BB+H) / IP. Why it matters: The cleanest measure of how often a pitcher lets baserunners on. Sub-1.20 is excellent, over 1.50 is rough. Tells you whether a low ERA is sustainable. A 2.50 ERA with a 1.60 WHIP means trouble is coming.

Strikeouts per 9 innings. Formula: (K × 9) / IP. CCAA league avg: 7.5. Why it matters: Strikeouts are the only outcome where defense doesn't matter. K/9 isolates raw stuff. A high K/9 means a pitcher's stuff plays regardless of who's behind them.

Walks per 9 innings. Formula: (BB × 9) / IP. CCAA league avg: 5.5.

Strikeout-to-Walk Ratio. Formula: K / BB. Command metric; higher = better. Why it matters: The cleanest measure of pitcher command. Stable in small samples and predictive of future results. A high K/BB usually means good things are coming even if ERA hasn't caught up yet.

Strikeout Rate. Formula: K / Batters Faced. Why it matters: More reliable than K/9 for short stints because it's a true rate per opportunity, not per inning. Useful for relievers and pitchers with limited innings.

ERA adjusted to CCAA average. Formula: (lgERA / ERA) × 100. 100 = avg, >100 is better. Regressed for <40 IP. Why it matters: Raw ERA is meaningless without context. ERA+ of 130 means a pitcher prevented runs 30% better than league average. The cleanest way to compare pitchers across run environments.

Pitching WAR. Wins above replacement based on ERA vs CCAA average. Regressed for <50 IP. Why it matters: Translates run prevention into actual wins, accounting for innings load. A starter with 2.0 pWAR has done meaningfully more for their team's record than a reliever with a flashier ERA in 15 innings.

Projected pWAR over a 40-game season. Scales current pWAR by (40 / APP). Min 3 appearances required. Why it matters: Lets you compare a starter who has thrown 5 outings to a reliever with 12 on the same scale. Pace, not totals, tells you who's truly performing.